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Istat reported on 21 October that Italy’s 2025 general-government net borrowing was €69.736 billion, equal to 3.1% of GDP, compared with €74.835 billion or 3.4% in 2024. The primary balance was a surplus of 0.8% of GDP.

Public debt stood at €3.097 trillion, or 136.7% of GDP, 2.5 percentage points higher than in 2024. Interest expenditure was 3.8% of GDP. Istat said the notification remains subject to Eurostat review.