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At a session of the King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language’s fifth annual international conference, researchers discussed how large language models represent Arab culture. One paper compared global and Arabic models on proverbs, idioms and cultural concepts; the reported differences were sharper for proverbs and idiomatic expressions than for direct cultural vocabulary.
Other papers examined how generative AI handles Arabic calligraphic forms, including Thuluth and Naskh, and how ChatGPT interprets indirect Najdi Arabic utterances. The recommendations included broader Arabic and dialect corpora, dedicated pragmatic-language benchmarks, and closer collaboration between language specialists and AI tools; the report does not claim that model performance has already improved.