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Spain’s National Statistics Institute (INE) said on 19 October that the business turnover index for August rose 8.1% year on year after seasonal and calendar adjustment. The original series recorded a 9.1% annual increase, while the adjusted monthly rate was 1.8%.

The index covers non-financial industry, energy and water supply, trade, and market services. INE said all four sectors posted positive monthly changes; energy and water supply, sanitation and waste management rose 13.1% month on month in adjusted terms.